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EEPW首頁(yè) > 工控自動(dòng)化 > 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 > PT100溫度變送器的正溫度系數(shù)補(bǔ)償

PT100溫度變送器的正溫度系數(shù)補(bǔ)償

作者: 時(shí)間:2011-07-31 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏

摘要:本文回顧了通用傳感器的主要特性,重點(diǎn)介紹RTD ,并提供了一種簡(jiǎn)單的方法對(duì)輸出信號(hào)進(jìn)行線性化處理和調(diào)理。

是非常重要的物理參數(shù),熱電偶和熱敏電阻(RTD)適合大多數(shù)高溫測(cè)量,但設(shè)計(jì)人員必須為特定的應(yīng)用選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膫鞲衅?,?提供了常用傳感器的選擇指南。

表1. 傳感器特性

FeatureThermocoupleRTD
Response timeBetter
Maximum temperatureHigher
RuggednessBetter
Cost efficiencyBetter
AccuracyBetter
Long-term stabilityBetter
StandardizationBetter

RTD具有較高的精度,工作溫度范圍:-200°C至+850°C。它們還具有較好的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性,利用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)處理設(shè)備就可以傳輸、顯示并記錄其溫度輸出。因?yàn)闊崦綦娮璧淖柚岛蜏囟瘸收汝P(guān)系,設(shè)計(jì)人員只需將已知電流流過(guò)該電阻就可以得到與溫度成正比的輸出電壓。根據(jù)已知的電阻-溫度關(guān)系,就可以計(jì)算出被測(cè)溫度值。

電阻值隨溫度的變化稱為“電阻的溫度”,絕大多數(shù)金屬材料的溫度都是正數(shù),而且許多純金屬材料的溫度在一定溫度范圍內(nèi)保持恒定。所以,熱敏電阻是一種穩(wěn)定的高精度、并具有線性響應(yīng)的溫度檢測(cè)器。具體應(yīng)用中選用哪一種金屬材料(鉑、銅、鎳等)取決于被測(cè)溫度范圍。

鉑電阻在0°C的標(biāo)稱電阻值是100Ω,盡管RTD是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化器件,但在世界各地有多種不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這樣,當(dāng)同一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的RTD用在不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的儀表設(shè)計(jì)中時(shí)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。

表2. 鉑電阻RTD的公共標(biāo)準(zhǔn)*
OrganizationStandardALPHA (α): Average Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (/°C)Nominal Resistance at 0°C (Ω)
British StandardBS 1904: 19840.003850100
Deutschen Institut für NormungDIN 43760: 19800.003850100
International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 751: 1995 (Amend. 2)0.00385055100
Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers of AmericaSAMA RC-4-19660.00392398.129
Japanese StandardJIS C1604-19810.003916100
American Society for Testing and MaterialsASTM E11370.00385055100

*Sensing Devices, Inc.生產(chǎn)滿足上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鉑電阻RTD。

鉑金屬的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性、可重復(fù)操作性、快速響應(yīng)及較寬的工作溫度范圍等特性使其能夠適合多種應(yīng)用。因此,鉑電阻RTD是溫度測(cè)量中最穩(wěn)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件。以下公式描述了 RTD的特性,顯然它的溫度與電阻呈非線性關(guān)系:

RT = R0(1 + AT + BT² + C(T-100)T³)

其中:

A = 3.9083 E-3
B = -5.775 E-7
C = -4.183 E-12 (低于0°C時(shí))或0 (高于0°C時(shí))。

表3是表格形式。

表3. 電阻/溫度表**,385鉑電阻,0°C時(shí)為100.0Ω
°C0123456789
-10060.26
-9064.363.8963.4963.0862.6862.2861.8761.4661.0660.66
-8068.3267.9267.5267.1266.7266.3165.9165.5165.164.7
-7072.3371.9371.5371.1370.7370.3369.9369.5369.1368.73
-6076.3375.9375.5375.1374.7374.3373.9373.5373.1372.73
-5080.3179.9179.5179.1278.7278.3277.9277.5277.1276.73
°C0123456789
-4084.2783.8883.4883.0882.6982.2981.981.581.180.7
-3088.2287.8387.4387.0486.6486.2585.8585.4685.0684.67
-2092.1691.7791.3790.9890.5990.1989.889.489.0188.62
-1096.0995.6995.394.9194.5294.1293.7393.3492.9592.55
010099.6199.2298.8398.4498.0497.6597.2696.8796.48
°C0123456789
0100100.39100.78101.17101.56101.95102.34102.73103.12103.51
10103.9104.29104.68105.07105.46105.85106.24106.63107.02107.4
20107.79108.18108.57108.96109.34109.73110.12110.51110.9111.28
30111.67112.06112.45112.83113.22113.61113.99114.38114.77115.15
40115.54115.92116.31116.7117.08117.47117.85118.24118.62119.01
°C0123456789
50119.4119.78120.16120.55120.93121.32121.7122.09122.47122.86
60123.24123.62124.01124.39124.77125.16125.54125.92126.31126.69
70127.07127.45127.84128.22128.6128.98129.36129.75130.13130.51
80130.89131.27131.66132.04132.42132.8133.18133.56133.94134.32
90134.7135.08135.46135.84136.22136.6136.98137.36137.74138.12
°C0123456789
100138.5138.88139.26139.64140.02140.4140.77141.15141.53141.91
110142.29142.66143.04143.42143.8144.18144.55144.93145.31145.68
120146.06146.44146.82147.19147.57147.94148.32148.7149.07149.44
130149.82150.2150.70150.95151.33151.7152.08152.45152.83153.2
140153.70153.95154.32154.7155.07155.45155.82156.2156.57156.94
°C0123456789
150157.32157.69170.06170.44170.81159.18159.56159.93160.3160.67
160161.04161.42161.79162.16162.53162.9163.28163.65164.02164.39
170164.76165.13165.5165.88166.24166.62166.99167.32167.73168.1
180168.47168.84169.21169.70169.95170.32170.68171.05171.42171.79
190172.16172.53172.9173.27173.64174174.37174.74175.11175.48
°C0123456789
200175.84

****RTD PT100表顯示了電阻與溫度之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。

圖1. 2線連接時(shí),由于引線電阻與RTD串聯(lián),增大了電阻,會(huì)最終影響測(cè)量精度。
圖1. 2線連接時(shí),由于引線電阻與RTD串聯(lián),增大了電阻,會(huì)最終影響測(cè)量精度。
紅外遙控器相關(guān)文章:紅外遙控器原理

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