建立一個(gè)AVR單片機(jī)RTOS(8)—占先式內(nèi)核(完善的服務(wù))
如果將前面所提到的占先式內(nèi)核和協(xié)作式內(nèi)核組合在一起,很容易就可以得到一個(gè)功能較為完善的占先式內(nèi)核,它的功能有:
本文引用地址:http://butianyuan.cn/article/201612/325279.htm1,掛起和恢復(fù)任務(wù)
2,任務(wù)延時(shí)
3,信號(hào)量(包括共享型和獨(dú)占型)
另外,在本例中,在各個(gè)任務(wù)中加入了從串口發(fā)送任務(wù)狀態(tài)的功能。
#include <avr/io.h>
#include
#include
unsigned char Stack[400];
register unsigned char OSRdyTbl asm("r2"); //任務(wù)運(yùn)行就緒表
register unsigned char OSTaskRunningPrio asm("r3"); //正在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)
register unsigned char IntNum asm("r4"); //中斷嵌套計(jì)數(shù)器
//只有當(dāng)中斷嵌套數(shù)為0,并且有中斷要求時(shí),才能在退出中斷時(shí),進(jìn)行任務(wù)調(diào)度
register unsigned char OSCoreState asm("r16"); //系統(tǒng)核心標(biāo)志位,R16編譯器沒有使用
//只有大于R15的寄存器才能直接賦值例LDI R16,0x01
//0x01正在任務(wù)切換0x02有中斷要求切換
#define OS_TASKS 3 //設(shè)定運(yùn)行任務(wù)的數(shù)量
struct TaskCtrBlock
{
unsigned int OSTaskStackTop; //保存任務(wù)的堆棧頂
unsigned int OSWaitTick; //任務(wù)延時(shí)時(shí)鐘
} TCB[OS_TASKS+1];
//防止被編譯器占用
//register unsigned char tempR4 asm("r4");
register unsigned char tempR5 asm("r5");
register unsigned char tempR6 asm("r6");
register unsigned char tempR7 asm("r7");
register unsigned char tempR8 asm("r8");
register unsigned char tempR9 asm("r9");
register unsigned char tempR10 asm("r10");
register unsigned char tempR11 asm("r11");
register unsigned char tempR12 asm("r12");
register unsigned char tempR13 asm("r13");
register unsigned char tempR14 asm("r14");
register unsigned char tempR15 asm("r15");
//register unsigned char tempR16 asm("r16");
register unsigned char tempR16 asm("r17");
//建立任務(wù)
void OSTaskCreate(void (*Task)(void),unsigned char *Stack,unsigned char TaskID)
{
unsigned char i;
*Stack--=(unsigned int)Task>>8; //將任務(wù)的地址高位壓入堆棧,
*Stack--=(unsigned int)Task; //將任務(wù)的地址低位壓入堆棧,
*Stack--=0x00; //R1 __zero_reg__
*Stack--=0x00; //R0 __tmp_reg__
*Stack--=0x80;
//SREG在任務(wù)中,開啟全局中斷
for(i=0;i<14;i++) //在avr-libc中的FAQ中的What registers are used by the C compiler?
*Stack--=i; //描述了寄存器的作用
TCB[TaskID].OSTaskStackTop=(unsigned int)Stack; //將人工堆棧的棧頂,保存到堆棧的數(shù)組中
OSRdyTbl|=0x01< } //開始任務(wù)調(diào)度,從最低優(yōu)先級(jí)的任務(wù)的開始 void OSStartTask() { OSTaskRunningPrio=OS_TASKS; SP=TCB[OS_TASKS].OSTaskStackTop+17; __asm__ __volatile__( "reti" "nt" ); } //進(jìn)行任務(wù)調(diào)度 void OSSched(void) { __asm__ __volatile__("LDI R16,0x01 nt"); //清除中斷要求任務(wù)切換的標(biāo)志位,設(shè)置正在任務(wù)切換標(biāo)志位 __asm__ __volatile__("SEI nt"); //開中斷,因?yàn)槿绻蛑袛嘣谌蝿?wù)調(diào)度中進(jìn)行,要重新進(jìn)行調(diào)度時(shí),已經(jīng)關(guān)中斷 //根據(jù)中斷時(shí)保存寄存器的次序入棧,模擬一次中斷后,入棧的情況 __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH __zero_reg__ nt"); //R1 __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH __tmp_reg__ nt"); //R0 __asm__ __volatile__("IN __tmp_reg__,__SREG__ nt"); //保存狀態(tài)寄存器SREG __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH __tmp_reg__ nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("CLR __zero_reg__ nt"); //R0重新清零 __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R18 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R19 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R20 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R21 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R22 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R23 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R24 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R25 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R26 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R27 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R30 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R31 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("Int_OSSched: nt"); //當(dāng)中斷要求調(diào)度,直接進(jìn)入這里 __asm__ __volatile__("SEI nt"); //開中斷,因?yàn)槿绻蛑袛嘣谌蝿?wù)調(diào)度中進(jìn)行,已經(jīng)關(guān)中斷 __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R28 nt"); //R28與R29用于建立在堆棧上的指針 __asm__ __volatile__("PUSH R29 nt"); //入棧完成 TCB[OSTaskRunningPrio].OSTaskStackTop=SP; //將正在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)的堆棧底保存 unsigned char OSNextTaskPrio; //在現(xiàn)有堆棧上開設(shè)新的空間 for (OSNextTaskPrio = 0; //進(jìn)行任務(wù)調(diào)度 OSNextTaskPrio < OS_TASKS && !(OSRdyTbl & (0x01< OSNextTaskPrio++); OSTaskRunningPrio = OSNextTaskPrio ; cli(); //保護(hù)堆棧轉(zhuǎn)換 SP=TCB[OSTaskRunningPrio].OSTaskStackTop; sei(); //根據(jù)中斷時(shí)的出棧次序 __asm__ __volatile__("POP R29 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R28 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R31 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R30 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R27 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R26 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R25 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R24 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R23 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R22 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R21 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R20 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R19 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP R18 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("POP __tmp_reg__ nt"); //SERG出棧并恢復(fù) __asm__ __volatile__("OUT __SREG__,__tmp_reg__ nt"); // __asm__ __volatile__("POP __tmp_reg__ nt"); //R0出棧 __asm__ __volatile__("POP __zero_reg__ nt"); //R1出棧 //中斷時(shí)出棧完成 __asm__ __volatile__("CLI nt"); //關(guān)中斷 __asm__ __volatile__("SBRC R16,1 nt"); //SBRC當(dāng)寄存器位為0剛跳過下一條指令 //檢查是在調(diào)度時(shí),是否有中斷要求任務(wù)調(diào)度0x02是中斷要求調(diào)度的標(biāo)志位 __asm__ __volatile__("RJMP OSSched nt"); //重新調(diào)度 __asm__ __volatile__("LDI R16,0x00 nt"); //清除中斷要求任務(wù)切換的標(biāo)志位,清除正在任務(wù)切換標(biāo)志位 __asm__ __volatile__("RETI nt"); //返回并開中斷 } //從中斷退出并進(jìn)行調(diào)度 void IntSwitch(void) { //當(dāng)中斷無嵌套,并且沒有在切換任務(wù)的過程中,直接進(jìn)行任務(wù)切換 if(OSCoreState == 0x02 && IntNum==0) { //進(jìn)入中斷時(shí),已經(jīng)保存了SREG和R0,R1,R18~R27,R30,R31 __asm__ __volatile__("POP R31 nt"); //去除因調(diào)用子程序而入棧的PC __asm__ __volatile__("POP R31 nt"); __asm__ __volatile__("LDI R16,0x01 nt"); //清除中斷要求任務(wù)切換的標(biāo)志位,設(shè)置正在任務(wù)切換標(biāo)志位 __asm__ __volatile__("RJMP Int_OSSched nt"); //重新調(diào)度 } } ////////////////////////////////////////////任務(wù)處理 //掛起任務(wù) void OSTaskSuspend(unsigned char prio) { TCB[prio].OSWaitTick=0; OSRdyTbl &= ~(0x01< if(OSTaskRunningPrio==prio) //當(dāng)要掛起的任務(wù)為當(dāng)前任務(wù) OSSched(); //從新調(diào)度 } //恢復(fù)任務(wù)可以讓被OSTaskSuspend或OSTimeDly暫停的任務(wù)恢復(fù) void OSTaskResume(unsigned char prio) { OSRdyTbl |= 0x01< TCB[prio].OSWaitTick=0; //將時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)設(shè)為0,到時(shí) if(OSTaskRunningPrio>prio) //當(dāng)要當(dāng)前任務(wù)的優(yōu)先級(jí)低于重置位的任務(wù)的優(yōu)先級(jí) OSSched(); //從新調(diào)度//從新調(diào)度 } //任務(wù)延時(shí) void OSTimeDly(unsigned int ticks) { if(ticks) //當(dāng)延時(shí)有效 { OSRdyTbl &= ~(0x01< TCB[OSTaskRunningPrio].OSWaitTick=ticks; OSSched(); //從新調(diào)度 } } //信號(hào)量 struct SemBlk { unsigned char OSEventType; //型號(hào)0,信號(hào)量獨(dú)占型;1信號(hào)量共享型 unsigned char OSEventState; //狀態(tài)0,不可用;1,可用 unsigned char OSTaskPendTbl; //等待信號(hào)量的任務(wù)列表 } Sem[10]; //初始化信號(hào)量 void OSSemCreat(unsigned char Index,unsigned char Type) { Sem[Index].OSEventType=Type; //型號(hào)0,信號(hào)量獨(dú)占型;1信號(hào)量共享型 Sem[Index].OSTaskPendTbl=0; Sem[Index].OSEventState=0; } //任務(wù)等待信號(hào)量,掛起 //當(dāng)Timeout==0xffff時(shí),為無限延時(shí) unsigned char OSTaskSemPend(unsigned char Index,unsigned int Timeout) { //unsigned char i=0; if(Sem[Index].OSEventState) //信號(hào)量有效 { if(Sem[Index].OSEventType==0) //如果為獨(dú)占型 Sem[Index].OSEventState = 0x00; //信號(hào)量被獨(dú)占,不可用 } else { //加入信號(hào)的任務(wù)等待表 Sem[Index].OSTaskPendTbl |= 0x01< TCB[OSTaskRunningPrio].OSWaitTick=Timeout; //如延時(shí)為0,剛無限等待 OSRdyTbl &= ~(0x01< OSSched(); //從新調(diào)度 if(TCB[OSTaskRunningPrio].OSWaitTick==0 ) //超時(shí),未能拿到資源 return 0; } return 1; } //發(fā)送一個(gè)信號(hào)量,可以從任務(wù)或中斷發(fā)送 void OSSemPost(unsigned char Index) { if(Sem[Index].OSEventType) //當(dāng)要求的信號(hào)量是共享型 { Sem[Index].OSEventState=0x01; //使信號(hào)量有效 OSRdyTbl |=Sem [Index].OSTaskPendTbl; //使在等待該信號(hào)的所有任務(wù)就緒Sem[Index].OSTaskPendTbl=0; //清空所有等待該信號(hào)的等待任務(wù) } else //當(dāng)要求的信號(hào)量為獨(dú)占型 { unsigned char i; for (i = 0; i < OS_TASKS && !(Sem[Index].OSTaskPendTbl & (0x01< if(i < OS_TASKS) //如果有任務(wù)需要 { Sem[Index].OSTaskPendTbl &= ~(0x01< OSRdyTbl |= 0x01< } else { Sem[Index].OSEventState =1; //使信號(hào)量有效 } } } //從任務(wù)發(fā)送一個(gè)信號(hào)量,并進(jìn)行調(diào)度 void OSTaskSemPost(unsigned char Index) { OSSemPost(Index); OSSched(); } //清除一個(gè)信號(hào)量,只對(duì)共享型的有用。 //對(duì)于獨(dú)占型的信號(hào)量,在任務(wù)占用后,就交得不可以用了。 void OSSemClean(unsigned char Index) { Sem[Index].OSEventState =0; //要求的信號(hào)量無效 } void TCN0Init(void) //計(jì)時(shí)器0 { TCCR0 = 0; TCCR0 |= (1< TIMSK |= (1< TCNT0 = 100; //置計(jì)數(shù)起始值 } SIGNAL(SIG_OVERFLOW0) { IntNum++; //中斷嵌套+1 sei(); //在中斷中,重開中斷 unsigned char i; for(i=0;i { if(TCB[i].OSWaitTick && TCB[i].OSWaitTick!=0xffff) { TCB[i].OSWaitTick--; if(TCB[i].OSWaitTick==0) //當(dāng)任務(wù)時(shí)鐘到時(shí),必須是由定時(shí)器減時(shí)的才行 { OSRdyTbl |= (0x01< OSCoreState|=0x02; //要求任務(wù)切換的標(biāo)志位 } } } TCNT0=100; cli(); IntNum--; //中斷嵌套-1 IntSwitch(); //進(jìn)行任務(wù)調(diào)度 } unsigned char __attribute__ ((progmem)) proStrA[]="Task "; unsigned char strA[20]; SIGNAL(SIG_UART_RECV) //串口接收中斷 { strA[0]=UDR; } /////////////////////////////////////串口發(fā)送 unsigned char *pstr_UART_Send; unsigned int nUART_Sending=0; void UART_Send(unsigned char *Res,unsigned int Len) //發(fā)送字符串?dāng)?shù)組 { if(Len>0) { pstr_UART_Send=Res; //發(fā)送字串的指針 nUART_Sending=Len; //發(fā)送字串的長(zhǎng)度 UCSRB=0xB8; //發(fā)送中斷使能 } } //SIGNAL在中斷期間,其它中斷禁止 SIGNAL(SIG_UART_DATA) //串口發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)中斷 { IntNum++; //中斷嵌套+1,不充許中斷 if(nUART_Sending) //如果未發(fā)完 { UDR=*pstr_UART_Send; //發(fā)送字節(jié) pstr_UART_Send++; //發(fā)送字串的指針加1 nUART_Sending--; //等待發(fā)送的字串?dāng)?shù)減1 } if(nUART_Sending==0) //當(dāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)送完 { OSSemPost(0); OSCoreState|=0x02; //要求任務(wù)切換的標(biāo)志位 UCSRB=0x98; } cli(); //關(guān)發(fā)送中斷 IntNum--; IntSwitch(); //進(jìn)行任務(wù)調(diào)度 } void UARTInit() //初始化串口 { #define fosc 8000000 //晶振8 MHZ UBRRL=(fosc/16/(baud+1))%256; #define baud 9600 //波特率 OSCCAL=0x97; //串口波特率校正值,從編程器中讀出 //UCSRB=(1< UCSRB=0x98; //UCSRB=0x08; UBRRL=(fosc/16/(baud+1))%256; UBRRH=(fosc/16/(baud+1))/256; UCSRC=(1< UCSRB=0xB8; UDR=0; } //打印unsigned int到字符串中00000 void strPUT_uInt(unsigned char *Des,unsigned int i) { unsigned char j; Des=Des+4; for(j=0;j<5;j++) { *Des=i%10+’0’; i=i/10; Des--; } } void strPUT_Star(unsigned char *Des,unsigned char i) { unsigned char j; for(j=0;j { *Des++=’*’; } *Des++=13; } unsigned int strPUT_TaskState(unsigned char *Des,unsigned char TaskID,unsigned char Num) { //unsigned int i=0; *(Des+4)=’0’+TaskID; strPUT_uInt(Des+6,Num); strPUT_Star(Des+12,TaskID); return 12+TaskID+1; } void Task0() { unsigned int j=0; while(1) { PORTB=j++; if(OSTaskSemPend(0,0xffff)) { unsigned int m; m=strPUT_TaskState(strA,OSTaskRunningPrio,j); UART_Send(strA,m); } OSTimeDly(200); } } void Task1() { unsigned int j=0; while(1) { PORTC=j++; if(OSTaskSemPend(0,0xffff)) { unsigned int m; m=strPUT_TaskState(strA,OSTaskRunningPrio,j); UART_Send(strA,m); } OSTimeDly(100); } } void Task2() { unsigned int j=0; while(1) { if(OSTaskSemPend(0,0xffff)) { unsigned int m; m=strPUT_TaskState(strA,OSTaskRunningPrio,j); UART_Send(strA,m); } PORTD=j++; OSTimeDly(50); } } void TaskScheduler() { OSSched(); while(1) {} } int main(void) { strlcpy_P(strA,proStrA,20); UARTInit(); TCN0Init(); OSRdyTbl=0; IntNum=0; OSTaskCreate(Task0,&Stack[99],0); OSTaskCreate(Task1,&Stack[199],1); OSTaskCreate(Task2,&Stack[299],2); OSTaskCreate(TaskScheduler,&Stack[399],OS_TASKS); OSStartTask(); }
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