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STM32啟動(dòng)過程全解

作者: 時(shí)間:2013-05-15 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
本文主要闡述了啟動(dòng)過程全面解析,包括啟動(dòng)過程的介紹、啟動(dòng)代碼的陳列以及深入解析。

  相對(duì)于ARM上一代的主流ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核架構(gòu),新一代Cortex內(nèi)核架構(gòu)的啟動(dòng)方式有了比較大的變化。ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核的控制器在復(fù)位后,CPU會(huì)從存儲(chǔ)空間的絕對(duì)地址0x000000取出第一條指令執(zhí)行復(fù)位中斷服務(wù)程序的方式啟動(dòng),即固定了復(fù)位后的起始地址為0x000000(PC = 0x000000)同時(shí)中斷向量表的位置并不是固定的。而Cortex-M3內(nèi)核則正好相反,有3種情況:

專家揭秘:STM32啟動(dòng)過程全解

  1、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于SRAM區(qū),即起始地址為0x2000000,同時(shí)復(fù)位后PC指針位于0x2000000處;

  2、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于FLASH區(qū),即起始地址為0x8000000,同時(shí)復(fù)位后PC指針位于0x8000000處;

  3、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于內(nèi)置Bootloader區(qū),本文不對(duì)這種情況做論述;

  Cortex-M3內(nèi)核規(guī)定,起始地址必須存放堆頂指針,而第二個(gè)地址則必須存放復(fù)位中斷入口向量地址,這樣在Cortex-M3內(nèi)核復(fù)位后,會(huì)自動(dòng)從起始地址的下一個(gè)32位空間取出復(fù)位中斷入口向量,跳轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)行復(fù)位中斷服務(wù)程序。對(duì)比ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核,Cortex-M3內(nèi)核則是固定了中斷向量表的位置而起始地址是可變化的。

  有了上述準(zhǔn)備只是后,下面以的2.02固件庫(kù)提供的啟動(dòng)文件“stm32f10x_vector.s”為模板,對(duì)的啟動(dòng)過程做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要而全面的解析。
程序清單一:
  ;文件“stm32f10x_vector.s”,其中注釋為行號(hào)
  DATA_IN_ExtSRAM EQU 0 ;1
  Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;2
  AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN = 3 ;3
  Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;4
  __initial_sp ;5
  Heap_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;6
  AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN = 3 ;7
  __heap_base ;8
  Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;9
  __heap_limit ;10
  THUMB ;11
  PRESERVE8 ;12
  IMPORT NMIException ;13
  IMPORT HardFaultException ;14
  IMPORT MemManageException ;15
  IMPORT BusFaultException ;16
  IMPORT UsageFaultException ;17
  IMPORT SVCHandler ;18
  IMPORT DebugMonitor ;19
  IMPORT PendSVC ;20
  IMPORT SysTickHandler ;21
  IMPORT WWDG_IRQHandler ;22
  IMPORT PVD_IRQHandler ;23
  IMPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler ;24
  IMPORT RTC_IRQHandler ;25
  IMPORT FLASH_IRQHandler ;26
  IMPORT RCC_IRQHandler ;27
  IMPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler ;28
  IMPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler ;29
  IMPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler ;30
  IMPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler ;31
  IMPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler ;32
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ;33
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ;34
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ;35
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ;36
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ;37
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ;38
  IMPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ;39
  IMPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler ;40
  IMPORT USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler ;41
  IMPORT USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler ;42
  IMPORT CAN_RX1_IRQHandler ;43
  IMPORT CAN_SCE_IRQHandler ;44
  IMPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ;45
  IMPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ;46
  IMPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ;47
  IMPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;48
  IMPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ;49
  IMPORT TIM2_IRQHandler ;50
  IMPORT TIM3_IRQHandler ;51
  IMPORT TIM4_IRQHandler ;52
  IMPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ;53
  IMPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ;54
  IMPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ;55
  IMPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ;56
  IMPORT SPI1_IRQHandler ;57
  IMPORT SPI2_IRQHandler ;58
  IMPORT USART1_IRQHandler ;59
  IMPORT USART2_IRQHandler ;60
  IMPORT USART3_IRQHandler ;61
  IMPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ;62
  IMPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ;63
  IMPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ;64
  IMPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ;65
  IMPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ;66
  IMPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;67
  IMPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ;68
  IMPORT ADC3_IRQHandler ;69
  IMPORT FSMC_IRQHandler ;70
IMPORT SDIO_IRQHandler ;71
  IMPORT TIM5_IRQHandler ;72
  IMPORT SPI3_IRQHandler ;73
  IMPORT UART4_IRQHandler ;74
  IMPORT UART5_IRQHandler ;75
  IMPORT TIM6_IRQHandler ;76
  IMPORT TIM7_IRQHandler ;77
  IMPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ;78
  IMPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ;79
  IMPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ;80
  IMPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ;81
  AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ;82
  EXPORT __Vectors ;83
  __Vectors ;84
  DCD __initial_sp ;85
  DCD Reset_Handler ;86
  DCD NMIException ;87
  DCD HardFaultException ;88
  DCD MemManageException ;89
  DCD BusFaultException ;90
  DCD UsageFaultException ;91
  DCD 0 ;92
  DCD 0 ;93
  DCD 0 ;94
  DCD 0 ;95
  DCD SVCHandler ;96
  DCD DebugMonitor ;97
  DCD 0 ;98
  DCD PendSVC ;99
  DCD SysTickHandler ;100
  DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ;101
  DCD PVD_IRQHandler ;102
  DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ;103
  DCD RTC_IRQHandler ;104
  DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ;105
  DCD RCC_IRQHandler ;106
  DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ;107
  DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ;108
  DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ;109
  DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ;110
  DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ;111
  DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ;112
  DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ;113
  DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ;114
  DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ;115
  DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ;116
  DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ;117
  DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ;118
  DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ;119
  DCD USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler ;120
  DCD USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler ;121
  DCD CAN_RX1_IRQHandler ;122
  DCD CAN_SCE_IRQHandler ;123
  DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ;124
  DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ;125
  DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ;126
  DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;127
  DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ;128
  DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ;129
  DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ;130
  DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ;131
  DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ;132
  DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ;133
  DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ;134
  DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ;135
  DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ;136
  DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ;137
  DCD USART1_IRQHandler ;138
  DCD USART2_IRQHandler ;139
  DCD USART3_IRQHandler ;140
  DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ;141
  DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ;142
  DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ;143
  DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ;144
  DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ;145
  DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;146
  DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ;147
  DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ;148
  DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ;149
  DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ;150
  DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ;151
  DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ;152
  DCD UART4_IRQHandler ;153
  DCD UART5_IRQHandler ;154
  DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ;155
  DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ;156
  DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ;157
  DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ;158
  DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ;159
  DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ;160
  AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;161
  Reset_Handler PROC ;162
  EXPORT Reset_Handler ;163
  IF DATA_IN_ExtSRAM == 1 ;164
  LDR R0,= 0x00000114 ;165
  LDR R1,= 0x40021014 ;166
  STR R0,[R1] ;167
  LDR R0,= 0x000001E0 ;168
  LDR R1,= 0x40021018 ;169
  STR R0,[R1] ;170
  LDR R0,= 0x44BB44BB ;171
LDR R1,= 0x40011400 ;172
  STR R0,[R1] ;173
  LDR R0,= 0xBBBBBBBB ;174
  LDR R1,= 0x40011404 ;175
  STR R0,[R1] ;176
  LDR R0,= 0xB44444BB ;177
  LDR R1,= 0x40011800 ;178
  STR R0,[R1] ;179
  LDR R0,= 0xBBBBBBBB ;180
  LDR R1,= 0x40011804 ;181
  STR R0,[R1] ;182
  LDR R0,= 0x44BBBBBB ;183
  LDR R1,= 0x40011C00 ;184
  STR R0,[R1] ;185
  LDR R0,= 0xBBBB4444 ;186
  LDR R1,= 0x40011C04 ;187
  STR R0,[R1] ;188
  LDR R0,= 0x44BBBBBB ;189
  LDR R1,= 0x40012000 ;190
  STR R0,[R1] ;191
  LDR R0,= 0x44444B44 ;192
  LDR R1,= 0x40012004 ;193
  STR R0,[R1] ;194
  LDR R0,= 0x00001011 ;195
  LDR R1,= 0xA0000010 ;196
  STR R0,[R1] ;197
  LDR R0,= 0x00000200 ;198
  LDR R1,= 0xA0000014 ;199
  STR R0,[R1] ;200
  ENDIF ;201
  IMPORT __main ;202
  LDR R0, =__main ;203
  BX R0 ;204
  ENDP ;205
  ALIGN ;206
  IF :DEF:__MICROLIB ;207
  EXPORT __initial_sp ;208
  EXPORT __heap_base ;209
  EXPORT __heap_limit ;210
  ELSE ;211
  IMPORT __use_two_region_memory ;212
  EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap ;213
  __user_initial_stackheap ;214
  LDR R0, = Heap_Mem ;215
  LDR R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size) ;216
  LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size) ;217
  LDR R3, = Stack_Mem ;218
  BX LR ;219
  ALIGN ;220
  ENDIF ;221
  END ;222
  ENDIF ;223
  END ;224

  如程序清單一,STM32的啟動(dòng)代碼一共224行,使用了匯編語(yǔ)言編寫,這其中的主要原因下文將會(huì)給出交代。現(xiàn)在從第一行開始分析:

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