Springfox與SpringDoc——swagger如何選擇（SpringDoc入門）

本文分享自天翼云開發(fā)者社區(qū)@《Springfox與SpringDoc——swagger如何選擇（SpringDoc入門）》，作者: 才開始學(xué)技術(shù)的小白

鏈接：

https://www.ctyun.cn/developer/article/381687816880197?track=|cp:cz_bk|tgdy:wenzhang|ttjh:bokeshequ|key:bw308|pf:PC

之前寫過一篇關(guān)于swagger（實際上是springfox）的使用指南（https://www.ctyun.cn/developer/article/371704742199365），涵蓋了本人在開發(fā)與學(xué)習(xí)的時候碰到的各種大坑。但由于springfox已經(jīng)不更新了，很多項目都在往springdoc遷移

筆者也是花了一些時間試了一下這個號稱“把springfox按在地下摩擦”的springdoc究竟好不好使，本文就來簡單介紹下springdoc的使用以及優(yōu)劣勢

這里有個大坑一定要注意?。?！

如果你跟我一樣，現(xiàn)在使用的是springfox，但是想往springdoc遷移，結(jié)果試了一下發(fā)現(xiàn)還是springfox好用/懶得改那么多注解，還是想換回springfox，一定要把springdoc的maven依賴刪掉?。?！不然springboot會默認(rèn)你用的是springdoc，導(dǎo)致swagger界面出不來

<dependency>

            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>

            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>

            <version>1.6.11</version>

 </dependency>

實際上springdoc的配置非常簡單，使用的是OpenAPI類與GroupedOpenApi來配置

/**

 * SpringDoc API文檔相關(guān)配置

 * Created by macro on 2023/02/02.

 */@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {

    @Bean

    public OpenAPI mallTinyOpenAPI() {

        return new OpenAPI()

                .info(new Info().title("CTYUN API")

                        .description("SpringDoc API 演示")

                        .version("v1.0.0")

                        .license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("https://github.com/")))

                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()

                        .description("SpringBoot項目")

                        .url("http://www.ctyun.com"));

    }

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi adminApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("admin")

                .pathsToMatch("/**")

                .build();

    }

    //可以創(chuàng)建不同的GroupedOpenApi來判斷不同的controller

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi userApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("user")

                .pathsToMatch("/user/**")

                .build();

    }}

默認(rèn)配置之后直接進入：http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html 即可

注意這里與springfox略有不同（http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html）

這里轉(zhuǎn)載一個寫的非常全面的示例接口，原文可以去看：https://blog.csdn.net/zhenghongcs/article/details/123812583

/**

 * 品牌管理Controller

 * Created by macro on 2019/4/19.

 */@Tag(name = "PmsBrandController", description = "商品品牌管理")@Controller@RequestMapping("/brand")public class PmsBrandController {

    @Autowired

    private PmsBrandService brandService;

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PmsBrandController.class);

    @Operation(summary = "獲取所有品牌列表",description = "需要登錄后訪問")

    @RequestMapping(value = "listAll", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    public CommonResult<List<PmsBrand>> getBrandList() {

        return CommonResult.success(brandService.listAllBrand());

    }

    @Operation(summary = "添加品牌")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult createBrand(@RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrand) {

        CommonResult commonResult;

        int count = brandService.createBrand(pmsBrand);

        if (count == 1) {

            commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrand);

            LOGGER.debug("createBrand success:{}", pmsBrand);

        } else {

            commonResult = CommonResult.failed("操作失敗");

            LOGGER.debug("createBrand failed:{}", pmsBrand);

        }

        return commonResult;

    }

    @Operation(summary = "更新指定id品牌信息")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/update/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult updateBrand(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrandDto, BindingResult result) {

        CommonResult commonResult;

        int count = brandService.updateBrand(id, pmsBrandDto);

        if (count == 1) {

            commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrandDto);

            LOGGER.debug("updateBrand success:{}", pmsBrandDto);

        } else {

            commonResult = CommonResult.failed("操作失敗");

            LOGGER.debug("updateBrand failed:{}", pmsBrandDto);

        }

        return commonResult;

    }

    @Operation(summary = "刪除指定id的品牌")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult deleteBrand(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        int count = brandService.deleteBrand(id);

        if (count == 1) {

            LOGGER.debug("deleteBrand success :id={}", id);

            return CommonResult.success(null);

        } else {

            LOGGER.debug("deleteBrand failed :id={}", id);

            return CommonResult.failed("操作失敗");

        }

    }

    @Operation(summary = "分頁查詢品牌列表")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult<CommonPage<PmsBrand>> listBrand(@RequestParam(value = "pageNum", defaultValue = "1")

                                                        @Parameter(description = "頁碼") Integer pageNum,

                                                        @RequestParam(value = "pageSize", defaultValue = "3")

                                                        @Parameter(description = "每頁數(shù)量") Integer pageSize) {

        List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.listBrand(pageNum, pageSize);

        return CommonResult.success(CommonPage.restPage(brandList));

    }

    @Operation(summary = "獲取指定id的品牌詳情")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult<PmsBrand> brand(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        return CommonResult.success(brandService.getBrand(id));

    }}

如果項目中使用了SpringSecurity，需要做兩個配置來讓springdoc正常使用：

1.在SpringSecurity配置類中放行白名單："/v3/api-docs/**", "/swagger-ui/**"

2.在SpringDoc配置中增加對應(yīng)內(nèi)容，如下：

@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {

    private static final String SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME = "BearerAuth";

    @Bean

    public OpenAPI managerOpenAPI() {

        return new OpenAPI()

                .info(new Info().title("Galaxy-Cluster-Manager后端接口文檔")

                        .description("提供給前端界面（portal）的接口文檔")

                        .version("v1.0.0")

                        .license(new License().name("galaxy 1.2.0").url("https://gitlab.ctyun.cn/hpc/galaxy-parent/-/tree/v1.2.0")))

                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()

                        .description("彈性高性能計算（CTHPC）")

                        .url("http://www.ctyun.cn"))

                //以下是針對SpringSecurity的設(shè)置，同時還有設(shè)置白名單

                .addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME))

                .components(new Components()

                        .addSecuritySchemes(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME,

                                new SecurityScheme()

                                        .name(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME)

                                        .type(SecurityScheme.Type.HTTP)

                                        .scheme("bearer")

                                        .bearerFormat("JWT")));

    }

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi publicApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("portal")

                .pathsToMatch("/api/**")

                .build();

    }

}

實際上springfox也會有這個問題，使用對象作為query傳參的時候，頁面通常是這樣的：

就沒有辦法逐個描述參數(shù)，也不能逐個調(diào)試（只能用json調(diào)試），非常的麻煩；springdoc有一個解決這個問題非常方便的注解：@ParameterObject

比如某一個控制器的入?yún)⑹?/span>User user，我們只需要在這前面加上注解變?yōu)椋篅ParameterObject User user 即可，結(jié)果如下;

這里也有一個大坑：參數(shù)的類型可能會不正確，比如這里我們的id參數(shù)實際上是int，但顯示出來是string，這個時候就需要我們在User類的屬性中加上對應(yīng)的注解，比如：

@Parameter(description = "id傳參",example = "6")

再重啟UI就會發(fā)現(xiàn)參數(shù)類型正確了

有的時候僅僅使用@Hidden并不能滿足我們的需要，因為可能需要配置不同group的controller類，這個時候就需要在配置類中取設(shè)置掃包范圍代碼如下：

優(yōu)勢：SpringDoc有著非常好看的UI，以及比Springfox更加完善的參數(shù)注解體系，看起來非常舒服，并且還在不斷更新與維護中

劣勢：一些冷門功能還不完善，比如：

a.有十個接口，他們的url是一樣的但是可以通過query參數(shù)來分別（如：@PostMapping(params = "action=QueryUsers")）這個時候springdoc只能通過掃包范圍配置，來寫多個GroupOpenApi來解決，非常的麻煩；springfox可以在docket創(chuàng)建的時候使用：docket.enableUrlTemplating(true); 這個方法即可解決

b.springdoc的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置可能會與springfox沖突，如果遷移，需要逐個嘗試網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置是否合適（主要是GsonHttpMessageConverter的配置）

c.兼容性問題仍需要觀望，相對于springfox，springdoc的兼容性并沒有那么好，在許多時候可能會出現(xiàn)序列化的亂碼問題

總結(jié)：如果當(dāng)前項目/工程已經(jīng)集成了完備的springfox，建議不要輕易嘗試遷移到springdoc，尤其是接口類型比較復(fù)雜、springfox配置docket比較多的項目；但如果是從頭開始的項目，由于接口相對比較簡單，可以采用springdoc，畢竟可以獲得更加清晰明了的顯示界面與參數(shù)解釋。