架空輸電線路雷電過(guò)電壓識(shí)別

　　實(shí)際輸電線路兩端往往接有避雷器、變電站，電源等。電流行波在母線處會(huì)發(fā)生多次折反射。本文所利用的識(shí)別特征量取自輸電線路電流行波的波頭部分。本文所提出特征參量計(jì)算區(qū)間為電流行波峰值前4μs ，只要電流信號(hào)取樣點(diǎn)距離母線> 600 m ，即可認(rèn)為所獲取的電流行波波頭未含有發(fā)生反射的電流行波，所提取出的特征量是真實(shí)可信的。只要選擇合適的測(cè)量點(diǎn)，輸電線路兩端接線不會(huì)對(duì)本文所提出的識(shí)別方法產(chǎn)生影響。

　　6 　結(jié)論

　　為避免變電站內(nèi)部接線對(duì)雷電過(guò)電壓類型辨識(shí)問(wèn)題的影響，本文分析了感應(yīng)、繞擊、反擊3 種雷電過(guò)電壓發(fā)生時(shí)輸電線路電流行波的波形特點(diǎn)，并利用EMTP 仿真驗(yàn)證了這些特點(diǎn)?；诜抡娼Y(jié)果，提出了雷電過(guò)電壓的識(shí)別特征量，并分析了實(shí)際線路中其它因素對(duì)特征量的影響，得出如下結(jié)論:

　　a) 當(dāng)感應(yīng)雷過(guò)電壓發(fā)生時(shí)，由于三相導(dǎo)線空間位置基本相近，三相電流波形基本相似; 發(fā)生反擊時(shí)，在絕緣子未擊穿之前，電流行波為電磁耦合分量，幅值較小。陡度低，上升時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，絕緣子擊穿之后，由于雷電流直接注入導(dǎo)線，閃絡(luò)相電流行波幅值陡升;發(fā)生繞擊時(shí)，雷電流直擊注入導(dǎo)線，電流行波不存在電磁耦合分量，其幅值直接大幅陡升。

　　b) 基于上述特點(diǎn)，可利用三相波形最小相似度Smin來(lái)區(qū)分感應(yīng)和直擊雷電過(guò)電壓。對(duì)于直擊雷電過(guò)電壓，可以利用雷擊相電流行波波頭在[ 2 % Imax ，5 % Imax ] ，[5 % Imax ， 50 % Imax ]兩個(gè)區(qū)間的上升時(shí)間之比ρ來(lái)識(shí)別繞擊和反擊雷電過(guò)電壓。

　　c) 對(duì)于實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用，合理設(shè)置電流閾值和上升時(shí)間比ρ的計(jì)算區(qū)間，即可避開(kāi)沖擊電暈以及雷擊桿塔時(shí)感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓的影響;合理設(shè)置電流行波信號(hào)采樣點(diǎn)，可避開(kāi)線路接線端折反射波對(duì)識(shí)別參量的干擾。仿真表明本文所提出的特征量不受雷電流波形參數(shù)影響，能夠有效地辨識(shí)感應(yīng)，繞擊，反擊等雷電過(guò)電壓。

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